India Amplifies Focus on Global Makhana Market
Agriculture · Thursday, 20 August 2026
Supported by rising global demand, India's makhana market is projected to reach ₹12,000 crore by 2030. The Centre has established a National Makhana Board and approved a ₹476-crore scheme to boost production.
Quick highlights
- Market projected to hit ₹11,000–₹12,000 crore by 2029–30.
- India produces 85–90% of global makhana, with Bihar alone contributing ~90% of the national output.
- Makhana is low-GI, gluten-free, and rich in micronutrients and antioxidants.
- Modern high-yield varieties (e.g., Swarna Vaidehi) lift productivity from 1.5 to 3.0 MT/ha.
Context
Recognizing the commercial and nutritional potential of Makhana (Euryale ferox), the Indian government has launched a dedicated scheme and board to modernize its cultivation and tap into international markets.
Key Facts
Makhana thrives in shallow, stagnant freshwater wetlands and oxbow lakes in warm, humid climates. It features large floating leaves and spiny berry-like fruits. Mithila Makhana from Bihar was awarded a Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2022.
Significance
It acts as a high-value cash crop for wetland farmers. Given its exceptional nutritional profile (low calorie, high protein, rich in kaempferol), it perfectly aligns with global health-food trends, positioning India as an export monopolist.
Exam Angle
Useful for GS Paper III (Agriculture & Cropping Patterns). Note the agro-climatic conditions required for Makhana and its geographical concentration.
Remember this
- Scientific name: Euryale ferox.
- Bihar contributes 90% of India's production (Mithilanchal and Kosi-Seemanchal regions).
- Mithila Makhana received a GI tag in 2022.
- It is cultivated in shallow freshwater ecosystems with high organic-rich pond beds.
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